UP NEET 1st Round Seat Allotment Result 2022 (Available) First Counselling Allotment Letters @ upneet.gov.in

UPDGME UP NEET First Round Seat Allotment 2022: Directorate General of Medical Education & Training, Uttar Pradesh (UPDGME) has scheduled the UP NEET 1st Round seat allotment result release date as 8th/9th November 2022. All the hopefuls waiting for the UP NEET 1st allotment result can check it from the official website, updgme.in.

Aspirants who got allotted the admission in 1st round seat allotment can download the call letter/seat allotment order from 8th november. Candidates can also report at the allotted colleges. Candidates who do not get the admission in 1st round seat allotment process can wait for UP NEET 2nd seat allotment result which is scheduled to be declared soon. Candidates can get more information regarding the UPDGME UP NEET 1st round seat allotment result, admission dates and further information from the following article.

UPDGME UP NEET 1st Round Seat Allotment Results 2022 – First Counselling Allotment Letters at updgme.in

UP NEET 1st Allotment 2019

The Central Board of Secondary Education has successfully organized the National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test (NEET) examination on 2022 10 AM to 1 PM across India in many examination centers. Lakhs of hopefuls seeking admission in MBBS/BDS courses have appeared for the CBSE NEET examination as per the scheduled date. Candidates appeared for the examination have checked with the answer keys on and the CBSE NEET result was declared on 2022. Medical Counselling Committee (MCC) allots the admission for all India quota seats (15%) for the students in various national level colleges. And the rest of the 85% seats will be given for candidates on the basis of state-level. That is each state offers admission for MBBS/BDS courses based on the rank scored in CBSE NEET examination. The UPDGME has done with the 1st round of seat allotment and admission process as of now. And the candidates who do not get the admission in 1st round seat allotment can check the UPDGME UP NEET 1st round seat allotment result from the official portal, updgme.in.

UPDGME UP NEET 1st Round Seat Allotment Result 2022 – Important Details

Organization NameDirectorate General of Medical Education and Training U. P.
Scheme NameUP NEET seat allotment 2022
Course NameMBBS & BDS
Article CategoryUttar Pradesh NEET UG First seat allotment result 2022
Seat Allotment in1st, 2nd, Mop Up Round
List Availability(Merit list released)
Official Websiteupdgme.in, upneet.gov.in
The Academic year2022-23
Application Staring Dates
UP NEET MBBS BDS Admission 2022 ProcessBased on the NEET Score and Merit/rank
UP NEET Merit List 2022Available Now
UP NEET 1st Seat Allotment Result 2022Release on 8th or 9th November 2022

UP NEET 1st Round Seat Allotment Result 2022

Aspirants waiting to check the UP NEET 1st Round seat allotment result can visit the UPDGME official website, updgme.in. the mop-up counseling seat allotment dates and 1st round seat allotment details were listed in the following table. Candidates who do not get the admission in 1st round can check the 2nd allotment details from the following article.

UP NEET 1st Round Seat Allotment Results 2022 (Available today)

Download UPDGME First Counselling Seat Allotment Order 2022 – Available today

Steps to check UP NEET Seat Allotment Result 2022

  • Visit UPDGME official website, updgme.in and upneet.gov.in
  • On the homepage, Click on the Link flashing “UP NEET 1st Seat Allotment Result 2022”
  • A new tab will open.
  • Enter your login details like Roll Number & Password to enter the portal.
  • Click on “Submit” Button, the new window will open with your UP NEET 1st round counseling result 2022.
  • To download you can click on the download/print button.
  • Take a Printout of it.

JNTUH B.Pharmacy 1-2 Sem (R17,R16) Regular/Supply Time Table Nov 2022

JNTUH B.Pharmacy 1-2 Sem (R17,R16) Regular/Supply Time Table Nov 2022, jntu Hyderabad 1-2 sem regular/Supply examination time tables 2022.

JNTUH B.Pharmacy 1-2 Sem (R17,R16) Regular/Supply Time Table Nov 2022

JNTUH B.Pharmacy 1-2 Sem (R17,R16) Regular/Supply Time Table Nov 2022

JNTU Hyderabad has announced B.Pharmacy 1-2 Semester R17, R16 Regular/Supplementary Examination Time Tables November 2022 are released at jntuh official website.

The Following Examination Time tables are released by JNTU-HYD

  • I YEAR B.PHARMACY II-SEMESTER– R17 REGULATION REGULAR / SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS NOVEMBER-2022
  • I YEAR B.PHARMACY II-SEMESTER– R16 REGULATION SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATIONS NOVEMBER-2022

Download the official time tables from links given below:

1-2 Sem (R17) Time Table Nov 2022

1-2 Sem (R16) Time Table Nov 2022

1-2 Sem Substitute Time Table Nov 2022

Note:

  • ANY OMISSIONS OR CLASHES IN THIS TIME TABLE MAY PLEASE BE INFORMED TO THE CONTROLLER OF EXAMINATIONS IMMEDIATELY.
  • EVEN IF GOVERNMENT DECLARES HOLIDAY ON ANY OF THE ABOVE DATES, THE EXAMINATIONS SHALL BE CONDUCTED AS USUAL

JNTUA MCA 4th Sem Regular Exam Results Oct 2022 – Released

JNTUA MCA 4th Sem Regular Exam Results Oct 2022, jntu anantapur mca 4th sem results 2022 released at jntuaresults.ac.in.

JNTUA MCA Results Oct 2022

JNTUA MCA 4th Sem Regular Exam Results Oct 2022

JNTU Anantapur has released MCA 4th Semester (R20) Regular Examination results October 2022. Students can check their MCA IV Sem Exam results 2022 from below links.

The results of following MCA IV Semester Regular October 2022 Examinations declared. The Results sheets are available in the university Results Portal at jntuaresults.ac.in.

The Following Examination Results are released by JNTUA :

  • MCA IV Semester (R20) Regular Examinations, October 2022

Get Your Results From links given below:

JNTUA MCA 4th Sem (R20) Results 2022

The candidates who wish to apply for recounting of theory external marks / challenge valuation / photocopy of answer script should submit the requisitions to their Principals along with the attested statement of marks with necessary fee on or before:

JNTUH R18 – NO Exemption of Subjects – Grace Marks Raised to 15 Marks

JNTUH R18 – NO Exemption of Subjects – Grace Marks Raised to 15 Marks

ఆర్‌18(2018) బ్యాచ్‌కు చెందిన విద్యార్థులు ఈ ఏడాదితో ఇంజినీరింగ్‌ పూర్తి చేసుకున్నారు. బ్యాక్‌లాగ్స్‌ ఉన్న వారందరూ సబ్జెక్టు మినహాయింపు ఇవ్వాలని కోరుతున్నారు. వర్సిటీ ఎదుట ఆందోళన సైతం చేపట్టారు. సామాజిక మాధ్యమాలవేదికగానూ పెద్దసంఖ్యలో ఎప్పటికప్పుడు విజ్ఞప్పలు చేస్తున్నారు. ఇదే విషయంపై ఇటీవల గవర్నర్‌ తమిళినైని కలిసి వినతిపత్రం అందించారు.

ఏఐసీటీఈ నిబంధనల ప్రకారం 152-160 మధ్య క్రెడిట్స్‌ ఉంటే సరిపోతుందని, జేఎన్‌టీయూ మాత్రం 160 ఉండాల్సిందేఅంటోందని వివరించారు.

ఈ నేపథ్యంలో గవర్నర్‌ రెండుసార్లు జేఎన్‌టీయూ ఉపకులపతి ప్రొ. కట్టా నర్సింహారెడ్డిని పిలిపించి చర్చించారు. విద్యార్థుల ప్రయోజనాలు కాపాడేలా నిర్ణయం తీసుకోవాలని ఆదేశించారు. సబ్జెక్టు మినహాయింపుపై తాజాగా వర్సిటీలోఅకడమిక్‌ సెనేట్‌ భేటీ, ఆపై పాలకమండలి సమావేశంలోనూ అధికారులు చర్చించారు. ఇప్పటికే. ్రెడిట్స్‌ను 160కు కుదించినందున సబెక్టు మినహాయింపు సాధ్యం కాదనే అభిప్రాయం వ్యక్తమైంది.

విద్యార్థుల ప్రయోజనాల దృష్ట్యా గ్రేస్‌మార్కులు పెంచాలని నిర్ణయించారు. ఇంజినీరింగ్‌లో రెండు బ్యాక్‌లాగ్స్‌ ఉన్న విద్యార్థులకు ప్రయోజనం కలిగేలామొత్తంపై 0.15 శాతం అంటే 9 మార్కులు గ్రేస్‌గా ఇస్తుంటారు. తాజా పరిస్థితుల దృష్ట్యా (గ్రేస్‌ మార్కులను 0.25 శాతానికి (అంటే 15 మార్కులు) పెంచి కలపాలని నిర్ణయించినట్లు ఉపకులపతి వివరించారు. ఈ నిర్ణయం ప్రస్తుత విద్యాసంవత్సరానికి మాత్రమేవర్తిస్తుందన్నారు. అలాగే బ్యాక్‌లాగ్‌ ఉన్న విద్యార్థుల కోసం డిసెంబరులోగా ప్రత్యేక పరీక్ష నిర్వహించే ఆలోచనలో ఉన్నట్లుఆయన తెలిపారు.

Source: eenadu.net

JNTUK Promotion Policy for all the students to the Next Academic Year 2022-23 – Without credits Requirement – Orders

JNTUK Promotion Policy for all the students to the Next Academic Year 2022-23 – Without credits Requirement – Orders

jntuk

In the ref (1) read above, some of the Principals of the affiliated Colleges. JNTUK have requested to relax the % credits criteria for promotion to higher grade. so that it will benefit students who have not obtained the required credits for promotion to higher grade similar to JNTUA in view of Covid.

In this connection. the Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, JNTUK is pleased to accord permission to -Promote all the students of UG to the next Academic Year without credits requirement, in view of Covid”. This promotion policy is applicable only for this Academic Year.

Download the Official Notification Here: Click Here

JNTUK B.Tech 2-1 Sem 1st Mid Exams Scheduled from 7th November 2022 are Postponed

JNTUK B.Tech 2-1 Sem 1st Mid Exams Scheduled from 7th November 2022 are Postponed

jntuk

All the Principals of affiliated colleges under JNTUK are hereby informed that, The II B.Tech I semester I mid and quiz Exams are postponed. They will be conducted from 14th November 2022. The students may be informed accordingly.

Regards

Controller of Examinations

JNTUK B.Tech 2-1 Sem (R20) 1st Mid Time Table Nov 2022 – (Re-Revised)

JNTUK R20 3-1 EMWTL Material/Notes PDF Download

JNTUK R20 3-1 EMWTL Material/Notes PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R20 ECE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R20 3-1 Electromagnetic Waves and Transmission Lines (EMWTL) Material/Notes PDFs below.

jntuk-materials

JNTUK R20 3-1 EMWTL Material/Notes PDF Download

OBJECTIVES:

  • Fundamentals of steady electric and magnetic fields using variouslaws
  • Apply the concept of static and time varying Maxwell equations and power flow using pointingtheorem
  • Wave characteristics in different media for normal and obliqueincidence
  • Implement various concepts of transmission lines and impedancemeasurements

UNIT-1

Transmission Lines – I : Types, Parameters, T&π Equivalent Circuits, Transmission Line Equations,Primary & Secondary Constants, Expressions for Characteristic Impedance, Propagation Constant, Phase and GroupVelocities, Infinite Line, Lossless lines, distortion less lines, Illustrative Problems.

Download UNIT-1 Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-2:

Transmission Lines – II: Input Impedance Relations, SC and OC Lines, Reflection Coefficient, VSWR. Low loss radio frequency lines and UHF Transmission lines, UHF Lines as Circuit Elements; ImpedanceTransformations,λ/8,λ/4 andλ /2 Lines –. Smith Chart – Construction and Applications, Quarter wave transformer,Single Stub Matching, Illustrative Problems.

Download UNIT-2 Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-3

Review of Co-ordinate Systems, Electrostatics: Coulomb’s Law, Electric Field Intensity, Electric Flux Density,Gauss Law and Applications, Electric Potential, Maxwell’s Two Equations for Electrostatic Fields, Energy Density, Illustrative Problems. Convection and Conduction Currents, Dielectric Constant, Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations; Capacitance – Parallel Plate, Coaxial Capacitors, Illustrative Problems.

Download UNIT-3 Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-4

Magneto Statics: Biot-Savart Law, Ampere’s Circuital Law and Applications, Magnetic Flux Density,Maxwell’s Two Equations for Magnetostatic Fields, Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials, Forces due to MagneticFields, Ampere’s Force Law, Inductances and Magnetic Energy. IllustrativeProblems.

Maxwell’s Equations (Time Varying Fields): Faraday’s Law and Transformer EMF, Inconsistency of Ampere’sLaw and Displacement Current Density, Maxwell’s Equations in Different Final Forms and Word Statements.Conditions at a Boundary Surface.Illustrative Problems.

Download UNIT-4 Material PDF

UNIT-5:

EM Wave Characteristics : Wave Equations for Conducting and Perfect Dielectric Media, UniformPlane Waves – Definition, All Relations Between E & H, Sinusoidal Variations, Wave Propagation in Lossydielectrics, lossless dielectrics, free space, wave propagation in good conductors, skin depth, Polarization & Types,Illustrative Problems. Reflection and Refraction of Plane Waves – Normal and ObliqueIncidences, for both Perfect Conductor and Perfect Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Critical Angle and Total InternalReflection, Surface Impedance. Poynting Vector and Poynting Theorem.Illustrative Problems.

Download UNIT-5 Material PDF


TEXT BOOKS:

  1. Elements of Electromagnetic – Matthew N.O. Sadiku, Oxford Univ. Press, 3rd ed.,2001.
  2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2000.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

  1. Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines –GSN Raju, Pearson Education 2006
  2. Engineering Electromagnetic – William H. Hayt Jr. and John A. Buck, TMH, 7th ed., 2006.
  3. Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines: G SasiBhushana Rao, WileyIndia 2013.
  4. Networks, Linesand Fields John D. Ryder, Second Edition, PearsonEducation, 2015.

OUTCOMES:

  • Determine E and H using various laws and applications of electric & magneticfields
  • Apply the Maxwell equations to analyze the time varying behavior of EMwaves
  • Gain the knowledge in uniform plane wave concept and characteristics of uniformplane wave invariousmedia
  • Calculate Brewster angle, critical angle and total internalreflection
  • Derive andCalculate the expressions for input impedance of transmission lines,reflection coefficient, VSWR etc. using smithchart

JNTUK R20 3-1 Digital Communications Material PDF Download

JNTUK R20 3-1 Digital Communications Material PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R20 ECE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R20 3-1 Digital Communications Material/Notes PDFs below.

jntuk-materials

JNTUK R20 3-1 Digital Communications Material PDF Download

OBJECTIVES:

  • Understand pulse digital modulation systems such as PCM, DPCM andDM.
  • Understand various digital modulation techniques and able to analyze various systems for their performance in terms of probability oferror.
  • Study the concepts of information theory and need for sourcecoding.
  • Study Block codes, cyclic codes and convolutioncodes.

UNIT-1

PULSE DIGITAL MODULATION: Elements of digital communication systems, advantages of digital communication systems, Elements of PCM: Sampling, Quantization & Coding, Quantization error, Companding in PCM systems. Differential PCM systems(DPCM). Delta modulation, its draw backs, adaptive delta modulation, comparison of PCM and DM systems, noise in PCM and DM systems.

Download UNIT-1 Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-2

DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES: Introduction, ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, DEPSK, QPSK, M-ary PSK, ASK, FSK, similarity of BFSK and BPSK.

Download UNIT-2 Material PDF

UNIT-3

DATA TRANSMISSION : Base band signal receiver, probability of error, the optimum filter, matched filter, probability of error using matched filter, coherent reception, non-coherent detection of FSK, calculation of error probability of ASK, BPSK, BFSK,QPSK.

Download UNIT-3 Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-4

INFORMATION THEORY: Discrete messages, concept of amount of information and its properties. Average information, Entropy and its properties. Information rate, Mutual information and its properties.

Download UNIT-4 PART-A Material PDF | Reference-2

SOURCE CODING: Introductions, Advantages, Shannon’s theorem, Shanon-Fano coding, Huffman coding, efficiency calculations, channel capacity of discrete and analog Channels, capacity of a Gaussian channel, bandwidth –S/N trade off.

Download UNIT-4 PART-B Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-5

LINEAR BLOCK CODES: Introduction, Matrix description of Linear Block codes, Error detection and error correction capabilities of Linear block codes, Hamming codes, Binary cyclic codes, Algebraic structure, encoding, syndrome calculation, BCH Codes.

CONVOLUTION CODES: Introduction, encoding of convolution codes, time domain approach, transform domain approach. Graphical approach: state, tree and trellis diagram decoding using Viterbi algorithm.

Download UNIT-5 Material PDF | Reference-2


TEXT BOOKS:

  1. Digital communications – Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2005
  2. Digital and Analog Communication Systems – Sam Shanmugam, John Wiley,2005.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

  1. Principles of Communication Systems – H. Taub and D. Schilling, TMH,2003
  2. Digital Communications – John Proakis, TMH, 1983. Communication Systems Analog& Digital – Singh & Sapre, TMH, 2004.
  3. Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems –B.P.Lathi, Zhi Ding, Hari Mohan Gupta, Oxford University Press,4th Edition, 2017

OUTCOMES:

  1. Analyze the performance of a Digital Communication System for probability of error and are able to design a digital communicationsystem.
  2. Analyze various source codingtechniques.
  3. Compute and analyze Block codes, cyclic codes and convolutioncodes.
  4. Design a coded communicationsystem.

JNTUH B.Pharmacy 2-2 Sem (R17,R16,R15,R13,R09) Results Aug 2022 – Released

JNTUH B.Pharmacy 2-2 Sem (R17,R16,R15,R13,R09) Results Aug 2022 – Released, jntuh 2-2 results for b.pharmacy R17, R16, R15, R13, R09 released at official website.

JNTUH B.Pharmacy 2-2 Sem (R17,R16,R15,R13,R09) Results Aug 2022 - Released

JNTUH B.Pharmacy 2-2 Sem (R17,R16,R15,R13,R09) Results Aug 2022 – Released

JNTU hyderabad has announced II B.Pharmacy I, II Semester (R17, R16, R15, R13, R09) Regular/Supplementary Examination Results August 2022 at jntuhresults.in.

Students Check your result from links given below:

JNTUH B.Pharmacy 2-2 Semester Exams Results March 2022

B.Pharmacy II Year II Semester (R17) Regular Examinations Results

B.Pharmacy II Year II Semester (R16) Supplementary Examinations Results

B.Pharmacy II Year II Semester (R15) Supplementary Examinations Results

B.Pharmacy II Year II Semester (R13) Supplementary Examinations Results

B.Pharmacy II Year II Semester (R09) Supplementary Examinations Results

Note: Last Date for Recounting / Revaluation Date : 09-11-2022

JNTUK R20 3-1 Computer Networks Material/Notes PDF Download

JNTUK R20 3-1 Computer Networks Material/Notes PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R20 CSE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R20 3-1 Computer Networks Material/Notes PDFs below.

jntuk-materials

JNTUK R20 3-1 Computer Networks Material/Notes PDF Download

Course Objectives: The main objectives are

  • To provide insight about networks, topologies, and the key concepts.
  • To gain comprehensive knowledge about the layered communication architectures (OSI and TCP/IP) and its functionalities.
  • To understand the principles, key protocols, design issues, and significance of each layers in ISO and TCP/IP.
  • To know the basic concepts of network services and various network applications.

Course Outcomes: At the end of the course, the students will be able to:

  • Demonstrate different network models for networking links OSI, TCP/IP, B-ISDN, N-BISDN and get knowledge about various communication techniques, methods and protocol standards.
  • Discuss different transmission media and different switching networks.
  • Analyze data link layer services, functions and protocols like HDLC and PPP.
  • Compare and Classify medium access control protocols like ALOHA, CSMA, CSMA/CD, CSMA/CA, Polling, Token passing, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA protocols
  • Determine application layer services and client server protocols working with the client server paradigms like WWW, HTTP, FTP, e-mail and SNMP etc.

UNIT-1

Introduction: Network Types, LAN, MAN, WAN, Network Topologies Reference models- The OSI Reference Model- the TCP/IP Reference Model – A Comparison of the OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models, OSI Vs TCP/IP, Lack of OSI models success, Internet History.

Physical Layer –Introduction to Guided Media- Twisted-pair cable, Coaxial cable and Fiber optic cable and unguided media: Wireless-Radio waves, microwaves, infrared.

Download UNIT-1 Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-2

Data link layer: Design issues, Framing: fixed size framing, variable size framing, flow control, error control, error detection and correction codes, CRC, Checksum: idea, one’s complement internet checksum, services provided to Network Layer, Elementary Data Link Layer protocols: simplex protocol, Simplex stop and wait, Simplex protocol for Noisy Channel.

Sliding window protocol: One bit, Go back N, Selective repeat-Stop and wait protocol, Data link layer in HDLC: configuration and transfer modes, frames, control field, point to point protocol (PPP): framing transition phase, multiplexing, multi link PPP.

Download UNIT-2 Material PDF

UNIT-3

Media Access Control: Random Access: ALOHA, Carrier sense multiple access (CSMA), CSMA with Collision Detection, CSMA with Collision Avoidance, Controlled Access: Reservation, Polling, Token Passing, Channelization: frequency division multiple Access(FDMA), time division multiple access(TDMA), code division multiple access(CDMA).

Wired LANs: Ethernet, Ethernet Protocol, Standard Ethernet, Fast Ethernet(100 Mbps), Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet.

Download UNIT-3 Material PDF

UNIT-4

The Network Layer Design Issues – Store and Forward Packet Switching-Services Provided to the Transport layer- Implementation of Connectionless Service-Implementation of Connection Oriented Service- Comparison of Virtual Circuit and Datagram Networks, Routing Algorithms-The Optimality principle-Shortest path, Flooding, Distance vector, Link state, Hierarchical, Congestion Control algorithms-General principles of congestion control, Congestion prevention polices, Approaches to Congestion Control-Traffic Aware Routing- Admission Control-Traffic Throttling-Load Shedding. Traffic Control Algorithm-Leaky bucket & Token bucket.

Internet Working: How networks differ- How networks can be connected- Tunnelling, internetwork routing-, Fragmentation, network layer in the internet – IP protocols-IP Version 4 protocol-IPV4 Header Format, IP addresses, Class full Addressing, CIDR, NAT-, Subnets-IP Version 6-The main IPV6 header, Transition from IPV4 to IPV6, Comparison of IPV4 & IPV6- Internet control protocols- ICMP-ARPDHCP

Download UNIT-4 Material PDF

UNIT-5

The Transport Layer: Transport layer protocols: Introduction-services- port number-User data gram protocol-User datagram-UDP services-UDP applications-Transmission control protocol: TCP servicesTCP features- Segment- A TCP connection- windows in TCP- flow control-Error control, Congestion control in TCP.

Application Layer –- World Wide Web: HTTP, Electronic mail-Architecture- web based mail- email security- TELENET-local versus remote Logging-Domain Name System: Name Space, DNS in Internet ,- Resolution-Caching- Resource Records- DNS messages- Registrars-security of DNS Name Servers, SNMP.

Download UNIT-5 Material PDF


TEXT BOOKS:

1. Computer Networks — Andrew S Tanenbaum, Fifth Edition. Pearson Education/PHI

2. Data Communications and Networks – Behrouz A. Forouzan, Fifth Edition TMH.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Data Communications and Networks- Achut S Godbole, Atul Kahate

2. Computer Networks, Mayank Dave, CENGAGE

e-Resources:

1) https://nptel.ac.in