JNTUK R16 3-1 AWP Material/Notes PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R16 ECE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R16 3-1 Antenna and Wave Propagation Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R16 3-1 AWP Material/Notes PDF Download

OBJECTIVES:

• understand the applications of the electromagnetic waves in free space.
• introduce the working principles of various types of antennas
• discuss the major applications of antennas with an emphasis on how antennas are employed to meet electronic system requirements.
• understand the concepts of radio wave propagation in the atmosphere.

UNIT-1

ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS: Introduction, Radiation Mechanism – single wire, 2 wire, dipoles, Current Distribution on a thin wire antenna. Antenna Parameters – Radiation Patterns, Patterns in Principal Planes, Main Lobe and Side Lobes, Beamwidths, Polarization, Beam Area, Radiation Intensity, Beam Efficiency, Directivity, Gain and Resolution, Antenna Apertures, Aperture Efficiency, Effective Height, illustrated Problems.

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UNIT-2

THIN LINEAR WIRE ANTENNAS: Retarded Potentials, Radiation from Small Electric Dipole, Quarter wave Monopole and Half wave Dipole – Current Distributions, Evaluation of Field Components, Power Radiated, Radiation Resistance, Beamwidths, Directivity, Effective Area and Effective Height. Natural current distributions, fields and patterns of Thin Linear Center-fed Antennas of different lengths, Radiation Resistance at a point which is not current maximum. Antenna Theorems – Applicability and Proofs for equivalence of directional characteristics, Loop Antennas: Small Loops – Field Components, Comparison of far fields of small loop and short dipole, Concept of short magnetic dipole, D and Rr relations for small loops.

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UNIT-3

ANTENNA ARRAYS : 2 element arrays – different cases, Principle of Pattern Multiplication, N element Uniform Linear Arrays – Broadside, End-fire Arrays, EFA with Increased Directivity, Derivation of their characteristics and comparison; Concept of Scanning Arrays. Directivity Relations (no derivations). Related Problems. Binomial Arrays, Effects of Uniform and Non-uniform Amplitude Distributions, Design Relations. Arrays with Parasitic Elements, Yagi-Uda Arrays, Folded Dipoles and their characteristics.

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UNIT-4

NON-RESONANT RADIATORS : Introduction, Traveling wave radiators – basic concepts, Long wire antennas – field strength calculations and patterns, Microstrip Antennas-Introduction, Features, Advantages and Limitations, Rectangular Patch Antennas –Geometry and Parameters, Impact of different parameters on characteristics. Broadband Antennas: Helical Antennas – Significance, Geometry, basic properties; Design considerations for monofilar helical antennas in Axial Mode and Normal Modes (Qualitative Treatment).

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UNIT-5

VHF, UHF AND MICROWAVE ANTENNAS : Reflector Antennas : Flat Sheet and Corner Reflectors. Paraboloidal Reflectors – Geometry, characteristics, types of feeds, F/D Ratio, Spill Over, Back Lobes, Aperture Blocking, Off-set Feeds, Cassegrain Feeds. Horn Antennas – Types, Optimum Horns, Design Characteristics of Pyramidal Horns; Lens Antennas – Geometry, Features, Dielectric Lenses and Zoning, Applications, Antenna Measurements – Patterns Required, Set Up, Distance Criterion, Directivity and Gain Measurements (Comparison, Absolute and 3-Antenna Methods).

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UNIT-6

WAVE PROPAGATION : Concepts of Propagation – frequency ranges and types of propagations. Ground Wave Propagation–Characteristics, Parameters, Wave Tilt, Flat and Spherical Earth Considerations.

Sky Wave Propagation – Formation of Ionospheric Layers and their Characteristics, Mechanism of Reflection and Refraction, Critical Frequency, MUF and Skip Distance – Calculations for flat and spherical earth cases, Optimum Frequency, LUHF, Virtual Height, Ionospheric Abnormalities, Ionospheric Absorption. Fundamental Equation for Free-Space Propagation, Basic Transmission Loss Calculations. Space Wave Propagation – Mechanism, LOS and Radio Horizon. Tropospheric Wave Propagation – Radius of Curvature of path, Effective Earth’s Radius, Effect of Earth’s Curvature, Field Strength Calculations, M-curves and Duct Propagation, Tropospheric Scattering.

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. Antennas for All Applications – John D. Kraus and Ronald J. Marhefka, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2003.
2. Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems – E.C. Jordan and K.G. Balmain, PHI, 2nd Edition, 2000.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Antenna Theory – C.A. Balanis, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd Edition, 2001.
2. Antennas and Wave Propagation – K.D. Prasad, Satya Prakashan, Tech India Publications, New Delhi, 2001.
3. Transmission and Propagation – E.V.D. Glazier and H.R.L. Lamont, The Services Text Book of Radio, vol. 5,
   Standard Publishers Distributors, Delhi.
4. Electronic and Radio Engineering – F.E. Terman, McGraw-Hill, 4th Edition, 1955.
5. Antennas – John D. Kraus, McGraw-Hill, 2nd Edition, 1988.

OUTCOMES:

• Identify basic antenna parameters.
• Design and analyze wire antennas, loop antennas, reflector antennas, lens antennas, horn antennas and microstrip antennas
• Quantify the fields radiated by various types of antennas
• Design and analyze antenna arrays
• Analyze antenna measurements to assess antenna’s performance
• Identify the characteristics of radio wave propagation

JNTUK R16 3-1 Digital Communications Material PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R16 ECE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R16 3-1 Digital Communications Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R16 3-1 Digital Communications Material PDF Download

OBJECTIVES:

• Understand different pulse digital modulation techniques and their comparision
• Familiarize various digital modulation techniques and calculation of their error probabilities
• Understand the concept of entropy and different source coding techniques
• Familirize with block codes, cyclic codes and convolutional codes

UNIT-1

PULSE DIGITAL MODULATION: Elements of digital communication systems, advantages of digital communication systems, Elements of PCM: Sampling, Quantization & Coding, Quantization error, Companding in PCM systems. Differential PCM systems (DPCM). Delta modulation, its draw backs, adaptive delta modulation, comparison of PCM and DM systems, noise in PCM and DM systems.

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UNIT-2

DIGITAL MODULATION TECHNIQUES: Introduction, ASK, FSK, PSK, DPSK, DEPSK, QPSK, M-ary PSK, ASK, FSK, similarity of BFSK and BPSK.

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UNIT-3

DATA TRANSMISSION : Base band signal receiver, probability of error, the optimum filter, matched filter, probability of error using matched filter, coherent reception, non-coherent detection of FSK, calculation of error probability of ASK, BPSK, BFSK,QPSK.

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UNIT-4

INFORMATION THEORY: Discrete messages, concept of amount of information and its properties. Average information, Entropy and its properties. Information rate, Mutual information and its properties.

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UNIT-5

SOURCE CODING: Introductions, Advantages, Shannon’s theorem, Shanon-Fano coding, Huffman coding, efficiency calculations, channel capacity of discrete and analog Channels, capacity of a Gaussian channel, bandwidth –S/N trade off.

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UNIT-6

LINEAR BLOCK CODES: Introduction, Matrix description of Linear Block codes, Error detection and error correction capabilities of Linear block codes, Hamming codes, Binary cyclic codes, Algebraic structure, encoding, syndrome calculation, BCH Codes. CONVOLUTION CODES: Introduction, encoding of convolution codes, time domain approach, transform domain approach. Graphical approach: state, tree and trellis diagram decoding using Viterbi algorithm.

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital communications – Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2005
2. Principles of Communication Systems – H. Taub and D. Schilling, TMH, 2003

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Digital and Analog Communication Systems – Sam Shanmugam, John Wiley, 2005.
2. Digital Communications – John Proakis, TMH, 1983. Communication Systems Analog & Digital – Singh &
   Sapre, TMH, 2004.
3. Modern Analog and Digital Communication – B.P.Lathi, Oxford reprint, 3rd edition, 2004.

OUTCOMES:

1. Determine the performance of different waveform coding techniques for the generation and digital representation of the signals.
2. Determine the probability of error for various digital modulation schemes
3. Analyze different source coding techniques
4. Compute and analyze different error control coding schemes for the reliable transmission of digital information over the channel.

JNTUK R16 3-1 DICA Material/Notes PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R16 ECE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R16 3-1 Digital IC Applications Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R16 3-1 DICA Material/Notes PDF Download

OBJECTIVES:

• Introduction of digital logic families and interfacing concepts for digital design is considered.
• VHDL fundamentals were discussed to modeling the digital system design blocks.
• VHDL compilers, simulators and synthesis tools are described, which are used to verify digital systems in a technology-independent fashion.
• Design and implementation of combinational and sequential digital logic circuits is explained.

UNIT-1

Digital Logic Families and Interfacing: Introduction to logic families, CMOS logic, CMOS steady state and dynamic electrical behavior, CMOS logic families. Bipolar logic, transistor-transistor logic, TTL families, CMOS/TTL interfacing, low voltage CMOS logic and interfacing, Emitter coupled logic. (Text book-1)

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UNIT-2

Introduction to VHDL: Design flow, program structure, levels of abstraction, Elements of VHDL: Data types, data objects, operators and identifiers. Packages, Libraries and Bindings, Subprograms. VHDL Programming using structural and data flow modeling. (Text book-2)

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UNIT-3

Behavioral Modeling: Process statement, variable assignment statement, signal assignment statement, wait statement , if statement, case statement ,null statement, loop statement, exit statement, next statement ,assertion statement, more on signal assignment statement ,Inertial Delay Model, Transport Delay Model ,Creating Signal Waveforms, Signal Drivers , Other Sequential Statements , Multiple Processes. Logic Synthesis, Inside a logic Synthesizer. (Text book-2)

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UNIT-4

Combinational Logic Design: Binary Adder-Subtractor, Ripple Adder, Look Ahead Carry Generator, ALU, Decoders, encoders, multiplexers and demultiplexers, parity circuits, comparators, Barrel Shifter, Simple FloatingPoint Encoder, Dual Priority Encoder, Design considerations of the above combinational logic circuits with relevant Digital ICs, modeling of above ICs using VHDL. (Text book-1)

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UNIT-5

Sequential Logic Design: SSI Latches and flip flops, Ring Counter, Johnson Counter, Design of Modulus N Synchronous Counters, Shift Registers, Universal Shift Registers, Design considerations of the above sequential logic circuits with relevant Digital ICs, modeling of above ICs using VHDL. (Text book-1)

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UNIT-6

Synchronous and Asynchronous Sequential Circuits: Basic design steps: State diagram, state table, state assignment, choice of flip flops and derivation of next state and output expressions, timing diagram. State assignment problem: One hot encoding. Mealy and Moore type FSM for serial adder, VHDL code for the serial adder. Analysis of Asynchronous circuits, State Reduction, State Assignment. A complete design example: The vending machine controller. (Reference text book- 1)

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TEXT BOOKS:

Digital Design Principles & Practices – John F. Wakerly, PHI/ Pearson Education Asia, 3rd Ed., 2005.

2. VHDL Primer – J. Bhasker, Pearson Education/ PHI, 3rd Edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design- Stephen Brown, ZvonkoVranesic, McGrawHill, 3rd
   Edition.

OUTCOMES:

• Understand the structure of commercially available digital integrated circuit families.
• Learn the IEEE Standard 1076 Hardware Description Language (VHDL).
• Model complex digital systems at several levels of abstractions, behavioral, structural, simulation, synthesis and rapid system prototyping.
• Analyze and design basic digital circuits with combinatorial and sequential logic circuits using VHDL.

JNTUK R16 3-1 LICA Material/Notes PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R16 ECE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R16 3-1 Linear IC Applications Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R16 3-1 LICA Material/Notes PDF Download

OBJECTIVES:

• To understand the basic operation &performance parameters of differential amplifiers.
• To understand & learn the measuring techniques of performance parameters of OP-AMP
• To learn the linear and non-linear applications of operational amplifiers.
• To understand the analysis & design of different types of active filters using opamps
• To learn the internal structure, operation and applications of different analog ICs
• To Acquire skills required for designing and testing integrated circuits

UNIT-1

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: Differential Amplifier- DC and AC analysis of Dual input Balanced output Configuration, Properties of other differential amplifier configuration (Dual Input Unbalanced Output, Single Ended Input – Balanced/ Unbalanced Output), DC Coupling and Cascade Differential Amplifier Stages, Level translator.

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UNIT-2

Characteristics of OP-Amps, Integrated circuits-Types, Classification, Package Types and Temperature ranges, Power supplies, Op-amp Block Diagram, ideal and practical Op-amp Specifications, DC and AC characteristics, 741 op-amp & its features, Op-Amp parameters & Measurement, Input & Out put Off set voltages & currents, slew rate, CMRR, PSRR, drift, Frequency Compensation techniques.

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UNIT-3

LINEAR and NON-LINEAR APPLICATIONS OF OP-AMPS: Inverting and Non-inverting amplifier, Integrator and differentiator, Difference amplifier, Instrumentation amplifier, AC amplifier, V to I, I to V converters, Buffers. Non- Linear function generation, Comparators, Multivibrators, Triangular and Square wave generators, Log and Anti log Amplifiers, Precision rectifiers.

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UNIT-4

ACTIVE FILTERS, ANALOG MULTIPLIERS AND MODULATORS: Design & Analysis of Butterworth active filters – 1st order, 2nd order LPF, HPF filters. Band pass, Band reject and all pass filters. Four Quadrant Multiplier, IC 1496, Sample & Hold circuits.

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UNIT-5

TIMERS & PHASE LOCKED LOOPS: Introduction to 555 timer, functional diagram, Monostable and Astable operations and applications, Schmitt Trigger; PLL – introduction, block schematic, principles and description of individual blocks, 565 PLL, Applications of PLL – frequency multiplication, frequency translation, AM, FM & FSK demodulators. Applications of VCO (566).

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UNIT-6

DIGITAL TO ANALOG AND ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS: Introduction, basic DAC techniques, weighted resistor DAC, R-2R ladder DAC, inverted R-2R DAC, and IC 1408 DAC, Different types of ADCs – parallel Comparator type ADC, counter type ADC, successive approximation ADC and dual slope ADC.DAC and ADC Specifications, Specifications AD 574 (12 bit ADC).

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. Linear Integrated Circuits – D. Roy Choudhury, New Age International (p) Ltd, 2nd Edition,2003.
2. Op-Amps & Linear ICs – Ramakanth A. Gayakwad, PHI,1987.
3. Operational Amplifiers–C.G. Clayton, Butterworth & Company Publ. Ltd./Elsevier, 1971

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Operational Amplifiers & Linear Integrated Circuits –Sanjay Sharma ;SK Kataria &Sons;2nd Edition,2010
2. Design with Operational Amplifiers & Analog Integrated Circuits – Sergio Franco, McGraw Hill, 1988.
3. OP AMPS and Linear Integrated Circuits concepts and Applications, James M Fiore, Cenage Learning India Ltd.
4. Operational Amplifiers & Linear Integrated Circuits–R.F.Coughlin & Fredrick Driscoll, PHI, 6th Edition.
5. Operational Amplifiers & Linear ICs – David A Bell, Oxford Uni. Press, 3rd Edition

OUTCOMES:

• Design circuits using operational amplifiers for various applications.
• Analyze and design amplifiers and active filters using Op-amp.
• Diagnose and trouble-shoot linear electronic circuits.
• Understand the gain-bandwidth concept and frequency response of the amplifier configurations.
• Understand thoroughly the operational amplifiers with linear integrated circuits.

JNTUK B.Tech 3-1 R16 ECE Materials: Students Can Download JNTUK 3-1 ECE R16 Regulation Materials/ E Note Books / Text Books Subject Wise From Below.

JNTUK B.Tech 3-1 Sem R16 ECE Materials Subject Wise PDF

Students of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada can avail of B.Tech 3-1 can avail of the materials for R16 regulation for various branches. Students can download JNTUK B.Tech 3-1 Sem R16 ECE Materials Subject Wise PDF from the links provided here. By tapping on the link, one can download materials for JNTUK 3-1 Sem ECE R16. The electronics and communication engineering Students can download the subject-wise materials PDFs collected from various sources. By referring to the materials one can gain knowledge to clear the exams with a good score. The course materials include Computer Architecture and Organization, Linear I C Applications, Digital I C Applications, Digital Communications, Antenna and Wave Propagation and various other ECE related books of various popular authors. Check the following B.Tech R16 ECE 3-1 Materials PDFs and download them for free. 

JNTUK B.Tech 3-1 Sem R16 ECE Course Structure:

Also Check: JNTUK 3-1 Sem R16 ECE Syllabus

Download JNTUK 3-1 R16 ECE Materials PDF

Students who are pursuing the B.Tech 3-1 ECE R16 Regulation can check the text books, reference books, and e-resourses provided here for free. Students can get the complete chapter-wise information from their respective text books. And from the following information from the e-resourses, text books from the familer authors will provide the extra knowledge and understanding of each subject. Hence ts helps to score good in exams. Here we have collaboratively given the best JNTUK 3-1 R16 ECE materials at one place for the reference of students.

Computer Architecture and Organization Material

Linear I C Applications Material

Digital I C Applications Material

Digital Communications Material

Antenna and Wave Propagation Material

JNTUK R16 4-1 Electronic Switching Systems Material PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK 4-1 R16 ECE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R16 4-1 Electronic Switching Systems Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R16 4-1 Electronic Switching Systems Material PDF Download

Course Objectives: This course is designed to:

• Understand the means of measuring traffic.
• Understand the implication of the traffic level on system design.

UNIT-1

Introduction: Evolution of Telecommunications, Simple Telephone Communication, Basics of Switching System, Manual Switching System, Major Telecommunication Networks. Crossbar Switching: Principles of Common Control, Touch Tone Dial Telephone, Principles of Crossbar Switching, Crossbar Switch Configurations, Cross point Technology, Crossbar Exchange Organization.

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UNIT-2

Electronic Space Division Switching: Stored Program Control, Centralized SPC: Stand by mode, Synchronous duplex mode, Distributed SPC, Software Architecture, Application Software, Enhanced Services, Two-Stage Networks, Three-Stage Networks, n- Stage Networks.

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UNIT-3

Time Division Switching: Basic Time Division Space Switching, Basic Time Division Time Switching, Generalised time division Space switch, Basic Time division time switching: modes of operation, simple problems, Time Multiplexed Space Switching, Time Multiplexed Time division space Switch, Time Multiplexed Time Switching, Combination Switching: Time Space (TS) Switching, Space-time (ST) Switching, Three-Stage Combination Switching, n- Stage Combination Switching.

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UNIT-4

Telephone Networks: Subscriber Loop System, Switching Hierarchy and Routing, Transmission Plan, Transmission Systems, Numbering Plan, Charging Plan, Signaling Techniques, In-channel Signaling, Common Channel Signaling, CCITT Signaling System no.6, CCITT Signaling System no.7, Packet Switching: Statistical Multiplexing, Local- Area and Wide- Area Networks, Large-scale Networks, Broadband Networks.

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UNIT-5

Switching Networks: Single- Stage Networks, Grading, Link Systems, Grades of service of link systems, Application of Graph Theory to link Systems, Use of Expansion, Call Packing, Rearrange-able Networks, Strict- Sense non-blocking Networks, Sectionalized Switching Networks Telecommunications Traffic: The Unit of Traffic, Congestion, Traffic Measurement, A Mathematical Model, Lost-call Systems, Queuing Systems. Problems

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UNIT-6

Integrated Services Digital Network: Motivation for ISDN, New Services, Network and Protocol Architecture, Transmission Channels, User- Network Interfaces, Signaling, Numbering and Addressing, Service Characterization, Interworking, ISDN Standards, Expert Systems in ISDN, Broadband ISDN, Voice Data Integration.

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Text Books:

1. Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks- Thiagarajan Viswanathan, 2000, PHI.
2. Telecommunications Switching, Traffic and Networks- J. E. Flood, 2006, Pearson Education.

Reference Books:

1. Digital Telephony- J. Bellamy, 2nd Edition, 2001, John Wiley.
2. Data Communications and Networks- Achyut S. Godbole, 2004, TMH.
3. Principles of Communication Ststems- H. Taub & D. Schilling, 2nd Edition, 2003, TMH.
4. Data Communication & Networking- B. A. Forouzan, 3rd Edition, 2004, TMH.
5. Telecommunication System Engineering – Roger L. Freeman, 4th Ed., Wiley-Inter Science,John Wiley & Sons, 2004.

Course Outcomes: The student will be able to

• Evaluate the time and space parameters of a switched signal
• Establish the digital signal path in time and space, between two terminals
• Evaluate the inherent facilities within the system to test some of the SLIC, CODEC and digital switch functions.
• Investigate the traffic capacity of the system.
• Evaluate methods of collecting traffic data.
• Evaluate the method of interconnecting two separate digital switches.

JNTUK R16 4-1 SDTV Material/Notes PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK 4-1 R16 ECE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R16 4-1 System Design through Verilog Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R16 4-1 SDTV Material/Notes PDF Download

Course Objectives: This course is designed to:

UNIT-1

INTRODUCTION TO VERILOG: Verilog as HDL, Levels of design description, concurrency, simulation and synthesis, functional verification, system tasks, programming language interface(PLI), module, simulation and synthesis tools, test benches. LANGUAGE CONSTRUCTS AND CONVENTIONS: Introduction, keywords, identifiers, whitespace characters, comments, numbers, strings, logic values, data types, scalars and vectors, parameters, memory, operators, system tasks.

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UNIT-2

GATE LEVEL MODELLING: Introduction, AND gate primitive, module structure, other gate primitives, illustrative examples, tristate gates, array of instances of primitives, design of Flip flops with gate primitives, delays, strengths and contention resolution, net types, design of basic circuits.

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UNIT-3

BEHAVIORAL MODELLING: Introduction, operations and assignments, functional Bifurcation, initial construct, always construct, examples, assignments with delays, wait construct, multiple always blocks, designs at behavioral level, blocking and nonblocking assignments, the case statement, simulation flow, if and if else constructs, assign-De assign construct, repeat construct, FOR loop, the disable construct, While loop, Forever loop, parallel blocks, force-release construct, event.

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UNIT-4

DATAFLOW LEVEL AND SWITCH LEVEL MODELLING: Introduction, continuous assignment structures, delays and continuous assignments, assignment to vectors, basic transistor switches, CMOS switch, Bidirectional gates and time delays with switch primitives, instantiations with strengths and delays, strength contention with trireg nets.

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UNIT-5

SYNTHSIS OF COMBINATIONAL AND SEQUENTIAL LOGIC USING VERILOG: Synthesis of combinational logic: Net list of structured primitives, a set of continuous assignment statements and level sensitive cyclic behavior with examples, Synthesis of priority structures, Exploiting logic don’t care conditions. Synthesis of sequential logic with latches: Accidental synthesis of latches and Intentional synthesis of latches, Synthesis of sequential logic with flip-flops, Synthesis of explicit state machines.

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UNIT-6

VERILOG MODELS: Static RAM Memory, A simplified 486 Bus Model, Interfacing Memory to a Microprocessor Bus, UART Design and Design of Microcontroller CPU.

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Text Books:

1. Design through Verilog HDL – T.R. Padmanabhan and B. Bala Tripura Sundari, WSE, IEEE Press, 2004.

2. Advanced Digital Design with Verilog HDL – Michael D. Ciletti, PHI, 2005.

Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of Logic Design with Verilog – Stephen. Brown and Zvonko Vranesic, TMH, 2005.

2. A Verilog Primier – J. Bhasker, BSP, 2003.

Course Outcomes: