JNTUK R19 2-2 Digital Electronics Material/Notes PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R19 EEE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R19 2-2 Digital Electronics (DE) Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R19 2-2 Digital Electronics Material/Notes PDF Download

Preamble: This course covers the topics related to representation numbers in different radix formats, complements and codes. It also introduces the basic gates and their realization in SOP and POS form. Boolean algebra and various logic gates minimization process is introduced. Design principles of combinational and sequential circuits are explained to make the students thorough in design of these circuits.

OBJECTIVES:

• To solve a typical number base conversion and analyze new error coding techniques.
• Theorems and functions of Boolean algebra and behavior of logic gates.
• To optimize logic gates for digital circuits using various techniques.
• To understand concepts of combinational circuits.
• To develop advanced sequential circuits.

UNIT-1

Review of Number Systems & Codes: Representation of numbers of different radix, conversation from one radix to another radix, r-1’s compliments and r’s compliments of signed numbers, problem solving. 4 bit codes, BCD, Excess-3, 2421, 84-2-1 9s & 10s compliment code etc.,

Logic operations and error detection & correction codes; Basic logic operations -NOT, OR, AND, Universal building blocks, EX-OR, EX-NOR – Gates, Standard SOP and POS, Forms, Gray code, error detection, error correction codes (parity checking, even parity, odd parity, Hamming code) NAND-NAND and NOR-NOR realizations.

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UNIT-2

Minimization Techniques Boolean theorems, principle of complementation & duality, De-morgan theorems, minimization of logic functions using Boolean theorems, minimization of switching functions using K-Map up to 6 variables, tabular minimization, problem solving (code-converters using K-Map etc..).

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UNIT-3

Combinational Logic Circuits Design

Design of Half adder, full adder, half subtractor, full subtractor, applications of full adders, 4-bit binary subtractor, adder-subtractor circuit, BCD adder circuit, Excess 3 adder circuit, look-ahead adder circuit, Design of decoder, demultiplexer, 7 segment decoder, higher order demultiplexing, encoder, multiplexer, higher order multiplexing, realization of Boolean functions using decoders and multiplexers, priority encoder, 4-bit digital comparator.

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UNIT-4

Sequential Circuits I Classification of sequential circuits (synchronous and asynchronous); basic flip-flops, truth tables and excitation tables (NAND RS latch, NOR RS latch, RS flip-flop, JK flip-flop, T flipflop, D flip-flop with reset and clear terminals). Conversion from one flip-flop to another. Design of ripple counters, design of synchronous counters, Johnson counter, ring counter. Design of registers – Buffer register, control buffer register, shift register, bi-directional shift register, universal shift register.

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UNIT-5

Sequential Circuits II Finite state machine; Analysis of clocked sequential circuits, state diagrams, state tables, reduction of state tables and state assignment, design procedures. Realization of circuits using various flip-flops. Mellay to Moore conversion and vice-versa.

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. Zvi kohavi and Niraj K.Jha, “ Switching and finite Automata Theory”, Cambridge University Press, 3rd edition, 2010.
2. Switching Theory and Logic Design by Hill and Peterson Mc-Graw Hill TMH edition.
3. Digital Design by M. Morrics Mano, Micheal D.Ciletti, Pearson Publication 4Th edition. PHI.
4. Digital Principles And Applications by Albert Paul Malvino, Donald P Leach TMH edition

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Switching Theory and Logic Design by A. Anand Kumar
2. Modern Digital Electronics by RP Jain, TMH
3. Fundamentals of Logic Design by Charles H. Roth Jr, Jaico Publishers
4. Digital electronics logic and design-Cherry Bhargava, BS Publications, 2019.

Web Links:

1. Lecture1 – Introduction to Digital Circuits

2. Lecture series on Digital Circuits & Systems by Prof.S.Srinivasan, Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras.For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in

3. Lecture – 6 Boolean Algebra

4. Basic Logic Gates, Introduction to Logic Gates, Logic Gates Truth Tables

OUTCOMES:

• classify different number systems and apply to generate various codes.
• use the concept of Boolean algebra in minimization of switching functions
• design different types of combinational logic circuits.
• apply knowledge of flip-flops in designing of Registers and counters
• the operation and design methodology for synchronous sequential circuits and algorithmic state machines.
• produce innovative designs by modifying the traditional design techniques.

JNTUK R19 2-2 Signals and Systems Material/Notes PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R19 EEE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R19 2-2 Signals and Systems (S&S) Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R19 2-2 Signals and Systems Material/Notes PDF Download

Preamble: This course introduces the fundamental concepts of various types signals and their properties and mathematical operations on the signals. Fourier series, Fourier and Hilbert transforms are introduced to analyze the signals. Sampling theorem and Parsevel’s theorem are introduced to design and analysis of filters. Laplace and Z-transforms are used for the analysis of signals.

OBJECTIVES:

• To introduce the terminology of signals and systems.
• To introduce Fourier tools through the analogy between vectors and signals.
• To introduce the concept of sampling and reconstruction of signals.
• To analyze the linear systems in time and frequency domains.
• To study z-transform as mathematical tool to analyze discrete-time signals and systems.

UNIT-1

Introduction Definition of Signals and Systems, Classification of Signals, Classification of Systems, Operations on signals: time-shifting, time-scaling, amplitude-shifting, amplitude-scaling. Problems on classification and characteristics of Signals and Systems. Complex exponential and sinusoidal signals, Singularity functions and related functions: impulse function, step function signum function and ramp function. Analogy between vectors and signals, orthogonal signal space, Signal approximation using orthogonal functions, Mean square error, closed or complete set of orthogonal functions, Orthogonality in complex functions.

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UNIT-2

Fourier Series And Fourier Transform: Fourier series representation of continuous time periodic signals, properties of Fourier series, Dirichlet’s conditions, Trigonometric Fourier series and Exponential Fourier series, Complex Fourier spectrum. Deriving Fourier transform from Fourier series, Fourier transform of arbitrary signal, Fourier transform of standard signals, Fourier transform of periodic signals, properties of Fourier transforms, Fourier transforms involving impulse function and Signum function. Introduction to Hilbert Transform.

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UNIT-3

Sampling Theorem Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, impulse sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect of under sampling – Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass sampling.

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UNIT-4

Analysis of Linear Systems Linear system, impulse response, Response of a linear system, Linear time invariant (LTI) system, Linear time variant (LTV) system, Concept of convolution in time domain and frequency domain, Graphical representation of convolution, Transfer function of a LTI system. Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortion less transmission through a system, Signal bandwidth, system bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics, Causality and Poly-Wiener criterion for physical realization, relationship between bandwidth and rise time. Cross-correlation and auto-correlation of functions, properties of correlation function, Energy density spectrum, Parseval’s theorem, Power density spectrum, Relation between auto correlation function and energy/power spectral density function. Relation between convolution and correlation.

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UNIT-5

Laplace Transforms Review of Laplace transforms, Partial fraction expansion, Inverse Laplace transform, Concept of region of convergence (ROC) for Laplace transforms, constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Properties of L.T’s, Relation between L.T’s, and F.T. of a signal.

Z–Transforms Fundamental difference between continuous-time and discrete-time signals,discrete time signal representation using complex exponential and sinusoidal components, Periodicity of discrete time using complex exponential signal, Concept of Z- Transform of a discrete sequence. Distinction between Laplace, Fourier and Z transforms. Region of convergence in Z-Transform, constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Inverse Z-transform, properties of Ztransforms.

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. 1.Signals, Systems & Communications – B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2003.
2. Signals and Systems – A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, PHI, 2nd Edn.
3. Signals & Systems- Narayan Iyer and K Satya Prasad, Cenage Pub.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Signals & Systems – Simon Haykin and Van Veen, Wiley, 2nd Edition.
2. Principles of Linear Systems and Signals – BP Lathi, Oxford University Press, 2015
3. Signals and Systems – Signals and Systems – M.J. Roberts,3rd Edition,MC GrawHill,2019.
4. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems- Michel J. Robert, MGH International Edition, 2008.
5. Signals and Systems – T K Rawat , Oxford University press, 2011

OUTCOMES:

• characterize the signals and systems and principles of vector spaces, Concept of orthgonality.
• analyze the continuous-time signals and continuous-time systems using Fourier series, Fourier transform and Laplace transform.
• apply sampling theorem to convert continuous-time signals to discrete-time signal and reconstruct back.
• understand the relationships among the various representations of LTI systems
• understand the Concepts of convolution, correlation, Energy and Power density spectrum and their relationships.
• apply z-transform to analyze discrete-time signals and systems.

JNTUK R19 2-2 Control Systems Material/Notes PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R19 EEE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R19 2-2 Control Systems (CS) Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R19 2-2 Control Systems Material/Notes PDF Download

Preamble: This course introduces the elements of linear control systems and their analysis. Classical methods of design using frequency response. The state space approach for design, modeling and analysis of simple PD, PID controllers.

OBJECTIVES:

• To learn the mathematical modeling of physical systems and to use block diagram algebra and signal flow graph to determine overall transfer function
• To analyze the time response of first and second order systems and improvement of performance by proportional plus derivative and proportional plus integral controllers
• To investigate the stability of closed loop systems using Routh’s stability criterion and the analysis by root locus method.
• To discuss basic aspects of design and compensation of linear control system using Bode plot.
• To present the Frequency Response approaches for the analysis of linear time invariant (LTI) systems using Bode plots, polar plots and Nyquist stability criterion.
• Ability to formulate state models and analyze the systems. To learn the concepts of Controllability and Observability.

UNIT-1

Mathematical Modeling of Control Systems Classification of control systems, open loop and closed loop control systems and their differences, Feedback characteristics, transfer function of linear system, differential equations of electrical networks, translational and rotational mechanical systems, transfer function of DC servo motor – AC servo motor – synchro, transmitter and receiver – block diagram algebra – representation by signal flow graph – reduction using Mason’s gain formula.

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UNIT-2

Time Response Analysis Standard test signals – time response of first and second order systems – time domain specifications, steady state errors and error constants, P, PI,

Stability and Root Locus Technique

The concept of stability – Routh’s stability criterion –limitations of Routh’s stability, Root locus concept – construction of root loci (simple problems).Effect of addition of poles and zeros root locus

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UNIT–3

Frequency Response Analysis Introduction to frequency domain specifications – Bode diagrams – transfer function from the Bode diagram – phase margin and gain margin – stability analysis from Bode plots. Polar plots, Nyquist stability criterion.

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UNIT–4

Classical Control Design Techniques Lag, lead, lag-lead compensators, design of compensators using Bode plots.

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UNIT–5

State Space Analysis of LTI Systems Concepts of state, state variables and state model, state space representation of transfer function, diagonalization, solving the time invariant state equations, State Transition Matrix and it’s Properties, concepts of controllability and observability.

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. Modern Control Engineering by Kotsuhiko Ogata, Prentice Hall of India.
2. Automatic control systems by Benjamin C.Kuo, Prentice Hall of India,2nd Edition.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Control Systems principles and design by M.Gopal, Tata Mc Graw Hill education Pvt Ltd., 4th Edition.
2. Control Systems by Manik Dhanesh N, Cengage publications.
3. Control Systems Engineering by I.J.Nagarath and M.Gopal, Newage International Publications, 5th Edition.
4. Control Systems Engineering by S.Palani,Tata Mc Graw Hill Publications.

OUTCOMES:

• derive the transfer function of physical systems and determination of overall transfer function using block diagram algebra and signal flow graphs.
• determine time response specifications of second order systems and to determine error constants.
• analyze absolute and relative stability of LTI systems using Routh’s stability criterion and the root locus method.
• analyze the stability of LTI systems using frequency response methods.
• design Lag, Lead, Lag-Lead compensators to improve system performance from Bode diagrams.
• represent physical systems as state models and determine the response. Understanding the concepts of controllability and observability.

JNTUK R19 2-2 Electrical Machines-II Material/Notes PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R19 EEE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R19 2-2 Electrical Machines-II (EM-2) Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R19 2-2 Electrical Machines-II Material/Notes PDF Download

Preamble: This course covers the topics on 3-phase induction motor, 1-phase induction motor and synchronous machines which have wide application in power systems. The main aim of the course is to provide a detailed analysis of operation and performance of 3-phase induction motor, 1-phase induction motor and synchronous machines. In addition, it also covers voltage regulation and parallel operation of synchronous generators.

OBJECTIVES:

• Understand the principle of operation and performance of 3-phase induction motor.
• Quantify the performance of induction motor and induction generator in terms of torque and slip.
• To understand the torque producing mechanism of a single phase induction motor.
• To understand the principle of emf generation, the effect of armature reaction and predetermination of voltage regulation in synchronous generators.
• To study parallel operation and control of real and reactive powers for synchronous generators.
• To understand the operation, performance and starting methods of synchronous motors.

UNIT-1

3-phase induction motors Construction details of cage and wound rotor machines – production of rotating magnetic field – principle of operation – rotor emf and rotor frequency – rotor current and power factor at standstill and during running conditions – rotor power input, rotor copper loss and mechanical power developed and their interrelationship – equivalent circuit – phasor diagram

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UNIT-2

Characteristics, starting and testing methods of induction motors Torque equation – expressions for maximum torque and starting torque – torque slip characteristic –double cage and deep bar rotors – crawling and cogging – speed control of induction motor with V/f control method –no load and blocked rotor tests – circle diagram for predetermination of performance – methods of starting –starting current and torque calculations – induction generator operation (Qualitative treatment only)

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UNIT-3

Single Phase Motors Single phase induction motors – constructional features and equivalent circuit – problem of starting– double revolving field theory Starting methods, AC series motor.

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UNIT-4

Construction, operation and voltage regulation of synchronous generator Constructional features of non-salient and salient pole type armature windings – distributed and concentrated windings – distribution, pitch and winding factors – E.M.F equation – improvements of waveform and armature reaction – voltage regulation by synchronous impedance method –MMF method and Potier triangle method – phasor diagrams – two reaction analysis of salient pole machines and phasor diagram.

Parallel operation with infinite bus and other alternators – synchronizing power – load sharing – control of real and reactive power – numerical problems.

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UNIT–5

Synchronous motor – operation, starting and performance Synchronous motor principle and theory of operation – phasor diagram – starting torque – variation of current and power factor with excitation –synchronous condenser – mathematical analysis for power developed– hunting and its suppression – methods of starting – applications.

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. Electrical Machines by P.S. Bhimbra, Khanna Publishers
2. Electric Machinery by A.E.Fitzgerald,Charles kingsley,Stephen D.Umans, TMH

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Electrical Machines by D. P.Kothari, I .J .Nagarth,Mc Graw Hill Publications, 4th edition
2. Electrical Machines by R.K.Rajput, Lakshmi publications,5th edition
3. Electrical Machinery by Abijith Chakrabarthi and Sudhipta Debnath, Mc Graw Hill education 2015
4. Electrical Machinery Fundamentals by Stephen J Chapman Mc Graw Hill education 2010
5. Electric Machines by Mulukutla S.Sarma&Mukesh k.Pathak, CENGAGE Learning.
6. Theory & Performance of Electrical Machines by J.B.Guptha. S.K.Kataria & Sons
7. Alternating Current Machines by A.F.Puchstein, T.C. Lloyd, A.G. Conrad, ASIA Publishing House Performance and design of AC machines – M.G. Say.

OUTCOMES:

• explain the operation and performance of three phase induction motor.
• analyze the torque-speed relation, performance of induction motor and induction generator.
• explain design procedure for transformers and three phase induction motors.
• implement the starting of single phase induction motors.
• perform winding design and predetermine the regulation of synchronous generators.
• avoid hunting phenomenon, implement methods of staring and correction of power factor with synchronous motor.

JNTUK R19 2-2 Electrical Measurements & Instrumentation Material PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R19 EEE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R19 2-2 Electrical Measurements & Instrumentation (EMI) Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R19 2-2 Electrical Measurements & Instrumentation Material PDF Download

Preamble: This course introduces the principle of operation of basic analog and digital measuring instruments for measurement of current, voltage, power, energy etc. Measurement of resistance, inductance and capacitance by using bridge circuits will be discussed in detail. It is expected that student will be thorough with various measuring techniques that are required for an electrical engineer.

OBJECTIVES:

• To study the principle of operation and working of different types of instruments for measurement of Electrical Quantities.
• To study the working principle of operation of different types of instruments for measurement of power and power factor.
• To understand the principle of operation and working of various types of bridges for measurement of parameters –resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency.
• To understand the principle of operation and working of transducers.
• To study the principle of operation and working of DVMS, Power analyser and applications of CRO.

UNIT-1

Analog Ammeter and Voltmeters Classification – deflecting, control and damping torques,– PMMC, moving iron type and electrostatic instruments, Construction, Torque equation, Range extension, Effect of temperature, Errors and compensations, advantages and disadvantages. Instrument transformers: Current Transformer and Potential Transformer-construction, theory, errors-Numerical Problems.

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UNIT-2

Analog Wattmeters and Power Factor Meters Electrodynamometer type wattmeter (LPF and UPF), Power factor meters: Dynamometer and M.I type (Single phase and Three phase), construction, theory, torque equation, advantages and disadvantages -Numerical Problems.

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UNIT-3

Measurements of Electrical parameters

DC Bridges: Method of measuring low, medium and high resistance – sensitivity of Wheat stone’s bridge, Kelvin’s double bridge for measuring low resistance, Loss of charge method for measurement of high resistance, Megger – measurement of earth resistance – Numerical Problems.

AC Bridges: Measurement of inductance – quality factor, Maxwell’s bridge, Hay’s bridge, Anderson’s bridge, measurement of capacitance and loss angle, Desauty’s bridge, Schering Bridge, Wagner’s earthing device, Wien’s bridge- Numerical Problems.

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UNIT-4

Transducers Definition, Classification, Resistive, Inductive and Capacitive Transducer, LVDT, Strain Gauge, Thermistors, Thermocouples, Piezo electric and Photo Diode Transducers, Digital shaft encoders, Hall effect sensors- Numerical Problems.

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UNIT-5

Digital meters Digital voltmeter – Successive approximation DVM, Ramp type DVM and Integrating type DVM – Digital frequency meter, Digital multimeter, Digital tachometer, Digital Energy Meter, LCR Q meter, Power Analyzer-Measurement of phase difference, Frequency, hysteresis loop using lissajious patterns in CRO- Numerical Problems.

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TEXT BOOKS:

1. Electrical Measurements and measuring Instruments by E.W. Golding and F.C.Widdis, fifth Edition, Wheeler Publishing.
2. Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques by A.D. Helfrick and W.D. Cooper, PHI, 5th Edition, 2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Electrical & Electronic Measurement & Instruments by A.K.Sawhney Dhanpat Rai & Co.Publications.
2. Electrical and Electronic Measurements and instrumentation by R.K.Rajput, S.Chand.
3. Electrical Measurements by Buckingham and Price, Prentice – Hall
4. Electrical Measurements by Forest K. Harris. John Wiley and Sons
5. Electrical Measurements: Fundamentals, Concepts, Applications by Reissland, M.U, New Age International (P) Limited, Publishers.
6. Electrical and Electronic Measurements by G.K.Banerjee, PHI Learning Private Ltd, New Delhi–2012.

OUTCOMES:

• choose right type of instrument for measurement of ac and dc Electrical quantities.
• choose right type of instrument for measurement of power and power factor.
• select right type for measurement of R, L,C.
• understand the effectiveness of Transducer.
• able to understand Digital Meters.