JNTUK R19 2-1 Signals and Systems Material PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R19 ECE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R19 2-1 Signals and Systems Material PDFs below.

JNTUK R19 2-1 Signals and Systems Material PDF Download

Course Objectives: This course is designed to:

• To study about signals andsystems.
• To analyze the spectral characteristics of signal using Fourier series and Fouriertransforms.
• To understand the characteristics of systems.
• To introduce the concept of sampling process
• To know various transform techniques to analyze the signals and systems.

UNIT-1

INTRODUCTION: Definition of Signals and Systems, Classification of Signals, Classification of Systems, Operations on signals: time-shifting, time-scaling, amplitudeshifting, amplitude-scaling. Problems on classification and characteristics of Signals and Systems. Complex exponential and sinusoidal signals, Singularity functions and related functions: impulse function, step function signum function and ramp function. Analogy between vectors and signals, orthogonal signal space, Signal approximation using orthogonal functions, Mean square error, closed or complete set of orthogonal functions, Orthogonality in complex functions. Related Problems.

Download UNIT-1 Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-2

FOURIER SERIES AND FOURIER TRANSFORM: Fourier series representation of continuous time periodic signals, properties of Fourier series, Dirichlet’s conditions, Trigonometric Fourier series and Exponential Fourier series, Relation between Trigonometric and Exponential Fourier series, Complex Fourier spectrum. Deriving Fourier transform from Fourier series, Fourier transform of arbitrary signal, Fourier transform of standard signals, Fourier transform of periodic signals, properties of Fourier transforms, Fourier transforms involving impulse function and Signum function. Introduction to Hilbert Transform.RelatedProblems.

Download UNIT-2 Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-3

ANALYSIS OF LINEAR SYSTEMS: Introduction, Linear system, impulse response, Response of a linear system, Linear time invariant (LTI) system, Linear time variant (LTV) system, Concept of convolution in time domain and frequency domain, Graphical representation of convolution, Transfer function of a LTI system, Related problems. Filter characteristics of linear systems. Distortion less transmission through a system, Signal bandwidth, system bandwidth, Ideal LPF, HPF and BPF characteristics, Causality and Poly-Wiener criterion for physical realization, relationship between bandwidth and rise time.

Download UNIT-3 Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-4

CORRELATION: Auto-correlation and cross-correlation of functions, properties of correlation function, Energy density spectrum, Parseval’s theorem, Power density spectrum, Relation between Convolution and correlation, Detection of periodic signals in the presence of noise by correlation, Extraction of signal from noise by filtering.

SAMPLING THEOREM : Graphical and analytical proof for Band Limited Signals, impulse sampling, Natural and Flat top Sampling, Reconstruction of signal from its samples, effect of under sampling – Aliasing, Introduction to Band Pass sampling, Related problems.

Download UNIT-4 Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-5

LAPLACE TRANSFORMS: Introduction, Concept of region of convergence (ROC) for Laplace transforms, constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Properties of L.T’s, Inverse Laplace transform, Relation between L.T’s, and F.T. of a signal. Laplace transform of certain signals using waveformsynthesis.

Z–TRANSFORMS: Concept of Z- Transform of a discrete sequence. Region of convergence in Z-Transform, constraints on ROC for various classes of signals, Inverse Ztransform, properties of Z-transforms. Distinction between Laplace, Fourier and Z transforms.

Download UNIT-5 Material PDF

Text Books:

1. Signals, Systems & Communications – B.P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2003.

2. Signals and Systems – A.V. Oppenheim, A.S. Willsky and S.H. Nawab, PHI, 2nd Edn, 1997

3. Signals & Systems – Simon Haykin and Van Veen, Wiley, 2ndEdition, 2007

Reference Books:

1. Principles of Linear Systems and Signals – BP Lathi, Oxford University Press, 2015

2. Signals and Systems – T K Rawat , Oxford University press, 2011

Course Outcomes:

• Differentiate the various classifications of signals andsystems
• Analyze the frequency domain representation of signals using Fourierconcepts
• Classify the systems based on their properties and determine the response ofLTI Systems.
• Know the sampling process and various types of samplingtechniques.
• Apply Laplace and z-transforms to analyze signals and Systems (continuous &discrete).

JNTUK R19 2-1 MEFA Material/Notes PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R19 ECE, EEE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R19 2-1 Managerial Economics & Financial Analysis Material PDFs below.

JNTUK R19 2-1 MEFA Material/Notes PDF Download

Course Objectives: This course is designed to:

• The Learning objectives of this paper are to understand the concept and nature of Managerial Economics and its relationship with other disciplines and also to understand the Concept of Demand and Demandforecasting.
• To familiarize about the Production function, Input Output relationship, Cost-Output relationship and Cost-Volume-ProfitAnalysis.
• To understand the nature of markets, Methods of Pricing in the different market structures and to know the different forms ofBusiness organization and the concept of Business Cycles.
• To learn different Accounting Systems, preparation of Financial Statement and uses of different tools for performanceevaluation.
• Finally, it is also to understand the concept of Capital, Capital Budgeting and the techniques used to evaluate Capital Budgetingproposals.

UNIT-1

Introduction to Managerial Economics and demand Analysis: Definition of Managerial Economics –Scope of Managerial Economics and its relationship with other subjects –Concept of Demand, Types of Demand, Determinants of Demand- Demand schedule, Demand curve, Law of Demand and its limitations- Elasticity of Demand, Types of Elasticity of Demand and Measurement- Demand forecasting and Methods of forecasting, Concept of Supply and Law of Supply.

Download UNIT-1 Material PDF | Reference-2

Unit-2

Theories of Production and Cost Analyses: Theories of Production function- Law of Variable proportions-Isoquants and Isocosts and choice of least cost factor combination-Concepts of Returns to scale and Economies of scale-Different cost concepts: opportunity costs, explicit and implicit costs-Fixed costs, Variable Costs and Total costs –Cost –VolumeProfit analysis-Determination of Breakeven point(problems)-Managerial significance and limitations of Breakeven point.

Download UNIT-2 Material PDF | Reference-2

Unit-3

Introduction to Markets, Theories of the Firm & Pricing Policies: Market Structures: Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic competition and Oligopoly – Features – Price and Output Determination – Managerial Theories of firm: Marris and Williamson’s models – other Methods of Pricing: Average cost pricing, Limit Pricing, Market Skimming Pricing, Internet Pricing: (Flat Rate Pricing, Usage sensitive pricing) and Priority Pricing, Business Cycles : Meaning and Features – Phases of a Business Cycle. Features and Evaluation of Sole Trader, Partnership, Joint Stock Company – State/Public Enterprises and their forms.

Download UNIT-3 Material PDF | Reference-2

Unit-4

Introduction to Accounting & Financing Analysis: Introduction to Double Entry System, Journal, Ledger, Trail Balance and Preparation of Final Accounts with adjustments – Preparation of Financial Statements-Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements-Ratio Analysis – Preparation of Funds flow and cash flow analysis (Problems)

Download UNIT-4 Material PDF | Reference-2

Unit-5

Capital and Capital Budgeting: Capital Budgeting: Meaning of Capital-Capitalization-Meaning of Capital Budgeting-Time value of money- Methods of appraising Project profitability: Traditional Methods(pay back period, accounting rate of return) and modern methods(Discounted cash flow method, Net Present Value method, Internal Rate of Return Method and Profitability Index)

Download UNIT-5 Material PDF | Reference-2

Text Books:

1. A R Aryasri, Managerial Economics and Financial Analysis, The McGraw – Hill companies.

Reference Books:

1. Varshney R.L, K.L Maheswari, Managerial Economics, S. Chand & CompanyLtd,

2. JL Pappas and EF Brigham, Managerial Economics, Holt, R & W; New editionedition

3. N.P Srinivasn and M. SakthivelMurugan, Accounting for Management, S. Chand & CompanyLtd,

4. MaheswariS.N,AnIntroduction to Accountancy, Vikas Publishing House PvtLtd

5. I.M Pandey, Financial Management , Vikas Publishing House PvtLtd

6. V. Maheswari, Managerial Economics, S. Chand & CompanyLtd.

Course Outcomes:

• The Learner is equipped with the knowledge of estimating the Demand and demand elasticities for aproduct.
• The knowledge of understanding of the Input-Output-Cost relationships and estimation of the least cost combination ofinputs.
• The pupil is also ready to understand the nature of different markets and Price Output determination under various market conditions and also to have the knowledge of different BusinessUnits.
• The Learner is able to prepare Financial Statements and the usage of various Accounting tools forAnalysis.
• The Learner can able to evaluate various investment project proposals with the help of capital budgeting techniques for decisionmaking.

JNTUK R19 2-1 Data Structures Material PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R19 CSE, IT Branches, Can Download Unit wise R19 2-1 Data Structures Material PDFs below.

JNTUK R19 2-1 Data Structures Material PDF Download

Course Objectives: This course is designed to:

• Introduce the fundamental concept of data structures and abstract data types
• Emphasize the importance of data structures in developing and implementing efficient algorithms
• Describe how arrays, records, linked structures, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs are represented in memory and used by algorithms

Course Outcomes: After completing this course a student will be able to:

• Summarize the properties, interfaces, and behaviors of basic abstract data types
• Discuss the computational efficiency of the principal algorithms for sorting & searching
• Use arrays, records, linked structures, stacks, queues, trees, and Graphs in writing programs
• Demonstrate different methods for traversing trees

UNIT-1

Data Structures – Definition, Classification of Data Structures, Operations on Data Structures, Abstract Data Type (ADT), Preliminaries of algorithms. Time and Space complexity. Searching – Linear search, Binary search, Fibonacci search. Sorting- Insertion sort, Selection sort, Exchange (Bubble sort, quick sort), distribution (radix sort), merging (Merge sort) algorithms.

Download UNIT-1 Material PDF | Reference-2 | Reference-3

UNIT-2

Linked List: Introduction, Single linked list, Representation of Linked list in memory, Operations on Single Linked list-Insertion, Deletion, Search and Traversal ,Reversing Single Linked list, Applications on Single Linked list- Polynomial Expression Representation, Addition and Multiplication, Sparse Matrix Representation using Linked List, Advantages and Disadvantages of Single Linked list, Double Linked list-Insertion, Deletion, Circular Linked list-Insertion, Deletion.

Download UNIT-2 Material PDF | Link-2

UNIT-3

Queues: Introduction to Queues, Representation of Queues-using Arrays and using Linked list, Implementation of Queues-using Arrays and using Linked list, Application of Queues-Circular Queues, Deques, Priority Queues, Multiple Queues.

Stacks: Introduction to Stacks, Array Representation of Stacks, Operations on Stacks, Linked list Representation of Stacks, Operations on Linked Stack, Applications-Reversing list, Factorial Calculation, Infix to Postfix Conversion, Evaluating Postfix Expressions.

Download UNIT-3 Material PDF | Link-2

UNIT-4

Trees: Basic Terminology in Trees, Binary Trees-Properties, Representation of Binary Trees using Arrays and Linked lists. Binary Search Trees- Basic Concepts, BST Operations: Insertion, Deletion, Tree Traversals, Applications-Expression Trees, Heap Sort, Balanced Binary TreesAVL Trees, Insertion, Deletion and Rotations.

Download UNIT-4 Material PDF | Link-2

UNIT-5

Graphs: Basic Concepts, Representations of Graphs-Adjacency Matrix and using Linked list, Graph Traversals (BFT & DFT), Applications- Minimum Spanning Tree Using Prims & Kruskals Algorithm, Dijkstra’s shortest path, Transitive closure, Warshall’s Algorithm.

Download UNIT-5 Material PDF | Link-2

e-Resources:

Modules / Lectures

Link-2

Text Books:

1) Data Structures Using C. 2nd Edition.Reema Thareja, Oxford.

2) Data Structures and algorithm analysis in C, 2nded, Mark Allen Weiss.

Reference Books:

1) Fundamentals of Data Structures in C, 2nd Edition, Horowitz, Sahni, Universities Press.

2) Data Structures: A PseudoCode Approach, 2/e, Richard F.Gilberg, Behrouz A. Forouzon, Cengage.

3) Data Structures with C, Seymour Lipschutz TMH

JNTUK R16 4-1 Computer Networks Material PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R16 ECE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R16 4-1 Computer Networks Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R16 4-1 Computer Networks Material PDF Download

OBJECTIVES:

• Understand state-of-the-art in network protocols, architectures, and applications.
• Process of networking research
• Constraints and thought processes for networking research
• Problem Formulation—Approach—Analysis

UNIT-1

Introduction: Network Topologies WAN, LAN, MAN. Reference models- The OSI Reference Model- the TCP/IP Reference Model – A Comparison of the OSI and TCP/IP Reference Models

Download UNIT-1 Material PDF

UNIT-2

Physical Layer – Fourier Analysis – Bandwidth Limited Signals – The Maximum Data Rate of a Channel – Guided Transmission Media, Digital Modulation and Multiplexing: Frequency Division Multiplexing, Time Division Multiplexing, Code Division Multiplexing Data Link Layer Design Issues, Error Detection and Correction, Elementary Data Link Protocols, Sliding Window Protocols

Download UNIT-2 Material PDF

UNIT-3

The Data Link Layer – Services Provided to the Network Layer – Framing – Error Control – Flow Control, Error Detection and Correction – Error-Correcting Codes – Error Detecting Codes, Elementary Data Link Protocols- A Utopian Simplex Protocol-A Simplex Stop and Wait Protocol for an Error free channel-A Simplex Stop and Wait Protocol for a Noisy Channel, Sliding Window Protocols-A One Bit Sliding Window Protocol-A Protocol Using Go-Back-N- A Protocol Using Selective Repeat

Download UNIT-3 Material PDF

UNIT-4

The Medium Access Control Sublayer-The Channel Allocation Problem-Static Channel Allocation-Assumptions for Dynamic Channel Allocation, Multiple Access Protocols-Aloha-Carrier Sense Multiple Multiple Access ProtocolsCollision-Free Protocols-Limited Contention Protocols-Wireless LAN Protocols, Ethernet-Classic Ethernet Physical Layer-Classic Ethernet MAC Sublayer Protocol-Ethernet Performance-Fast Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet-10-Gigabit Ethernet-Retrospective on Ethernet, Wireless Lans-The 802.11 Architecture and Protocol Stack-The 802.11 Physical Layer-The802.11 MAC Sublayer Protocol-The 805.11 Frame Structure-Services

Download UNIT-4 Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-5

Design Issues-The Network Layer Design Issues – Store and Forward Packet Switching-Services Provided to the Transport layer- Implementation of Connectionless Service-Implementation of Connection Oriented ServiceComparison of Virtual Circuit and Datagram Networks, Routing Algorithms-The Optimality principle-Shortest path Algorithm, Congestion Control Algorithms-Approaches to Congestion Control-Traffic Aware RoutingAdmission Control-Traffic Throttling-Load Shedding.

Download UNIT-5 Material PDF | Reference-2

UNIT-6

Transport Layer – The Internet Transport Protocols: Udp, the Internet Transport Protocols: Tcp Application Layer –The Domain Name System: The DNS Name Space, Resource Records, Name Servers, Electronic Mail: Architecture and Services, The User Agent, Message Formats, Message Transfer, Final Delivery

Download UNIT-6 Material PDF | Reference-2

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Computer Networks, Tanenbaum and David J Wetherall, 5th Edition, Pearson Edu, 2010

2. Computer Networks: A Top Down Approach, Behrouz A. Forouzan, FirouzMosharraf, McGraw Hill Education

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Larry L. Peterson and Bruce S. Davie, “Computer Networks – A Systems Approach” (5th ed), Morgan Kaufmann/ Elsevier, 2011

OUTCOMES:

1. Understand OSI and TCP/IP models

2. Analyze MAC layer protocols and LAN technologies

3 .Design applications using internet protocols

4 .Understand routing and congestion control algorithms

5 .Understand how internet works

JNTUK R16 4-1 Digital Image Processing Material PDF Download

Students those who are studying JNTUK R16 ECE Branch, Can Download Unit wise R16 4-1 Digital Image Processing Material/Notes PDFs below.

JNTUK R16 4-1 Digital Image Processing Material PDF Download

Course Objectives: Students undergoing this course are expected to:

1. Familiarize with basic concepts of digital image processing and different image transforms

2. Learn various image processing techniques like image enhancement, restoration, segmentation and compression

3. Understand color fundamentals and different color models

4. Understand wavelets and morphological image processing

UNIT-1

Introduction: Introduction to Image Processing, Fundamental steps in digital image processing, components of an image processing system, image sensing and acquisition, image sampling and quantization, some basic relationships between pixels, an introduction to the mathematical tools used in digital image processing. Image Transforms: Need for image transforms, Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of one variable, Extension to functions of two variables, some properties of the 2-D Discrete Fourier transform, Importance of Phase, Walsh Transform. Hadamard transform, Haar Transform, Slant transform, Discrete Cosine transform, KL Transform, SVD and Radon Transform, Comparison of different image transforms.

Download UNIT-1 Material PDF

UNIT-2

Intensity Transformations and Spatial Filtering: Background, Some basic intensity transformation functions, histogram processing, fundamentals of spatial filtering, smoothing spatial filters , sharpening spatial filters, Combining spatial enhancement methods Filtering in the Frequency Domain: Preliminary concepts, The Basics of filtering in the frequency domain, image smoothing using frequency domain filters, Image Sharpening using frequency domain filters, Selective filtering.

Download UNIT-2 Material PDF

UNIT-3

Image Restoration and Reconstruction: A model of the image degradation / Restoration process, Noise models, restoration in the presence of noise only-Spatial Filtering, Periodic Noise Reduction by frequency domain filtering, Linear, Position –Invariant Degradations, Estimating the degradation function, Inverse filtering, Minimum mean square error (Wiener) filtering, constrained least squares filtering ,geometric mean filter ,image reconstruction from projections.

Download UNIT-3 Material PDF

UNIT-4

Image compression: Fundamentals, Basic compression methods: Huffman coding, Golomb coding, Arithmetic coding, LZW coding, Run-Length coding, Symbol-Based coding, Bit-Plane coding, Block Transform coding, Predictive coding Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing: Image pyramids, subband coding, Multiresolution expansions, wavelet transforms in one dimensions & two dimensions, Wavelet coding.

Download UNIT-4 Material PDF

UNIT-5

Image segmentation: Fundamentals, point, line, edge detection, thresholding, region –based segmentation. Morphological Image Processing: Preliminaries, Erosion and dilation, opening and closing, basic morphological algorithms for boundary extraction, thinning, gray-scale morphology, Segmentation using morphological watersheds.

Download UNIT-5 Material PDF

UNIT-6

Color image processing: color fundamentals, color models, pseudo color image processing, basics of full color image processing, color transformations, smoothing and sharpening. Image segmentation based on color, noise in color images, color image compression.

Download UNIT-6 Material PDF

TEXT BOOKS:

1. R. C. Gonzalez and R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, 2008.

2. Jayaraman, S. Esakkirajan, and T. Veerakumar,” Digital Image Processing”, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2011.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Anil K.Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”, Prentice Hall of India, 9th Edition, Indian Reprint, 2002.

2. B.Chanda, D.Dutta Majumder, “Digital Image Processing and Analysis”, PHI, 2009.

Course Outcomes: After undergoing the course students will be able to

1. Perform image manipulations and different digital image processing techniques

2. Perform basic operations like – Enhancement, segmentation, compression,Image transforms and restoration techniques on image.

3. Analyze pseudo and fullcolor image processing techniques.

4. Apply various morphological operators on images